融机器学习与WRF大气模式的PM2.5预报方法     

侯俊雄  李琦  朱亚杰  冯逍  林绍福 《测绘科学》2018,(2):114-120,141

针对当前我国重污染天气实时的空气质量预报问题,该文提出了一种融合随机森林算法与WRF大气模式的PM2.5浓度实时预报方法。该方法结合了北京市地面空气质量监测数据和WRF气象数据进行分析,将高层大气状态(如逆温层高度等)融入了预报模型中,建立了0~72h的PM2.5浓度实时预报模型。实验证明,该模型能够对0~72h单站点的PM2.5浓度进行较高精度的实时预报,且在24~72h的长时预报结果上较基于地面空气污染物数据与地表气象站数据的预报方法精度有明显提升,即该方法可以更好地模拟大气物理化学状态,从而更为精准地进行长时PM2.5浓度预报。  相似文献   

一种基于控制点集的实体地貌辅助建模方法     

周啸  王玉萍  李少梅  叶辉 《测绘工程》2018,(3):39-45

针对常规实体地貌建模方法效率低且工作量大的问题提出一种基于控制点集的实体地貌辅助建模方法。该方法建立了控制地貌基本形态的等高线集合,根据实际建模需求确定内插控制插签点的数量及位置以引导地性线走向,并构建多级数据库存储、管理和调用建模数据。通过实验测试获得3组对比实验结果,对结果数据进行分析后提出实体地貌建模辅助决策方法。该方法能够在不同地貌建模需求下实现快速准确决策,提高建模效率。  相似文献   

静力水准自动化监测系统在运营地铁中的 应用与研究     

尹啸 《北京测绘》2018,32(5):553-556

静力水准自动化监测系统具有高效、连续、动态、数据实时分析等优势。本文通过介绍静力水准自动化监测系统的构成及原理,并结合广州地铁2号线某站监测实例,对静力水准自动化监测系统的具体实施过程进行了分析和应用探索。研究结果表明,该系统在地铁运营和停运两个时段的监测精度都能满足GB50911-2013《城市轨道交通工程监测技术规范》的要求,极大地提高了监测效率,可以较稳定地代替人工进行监测。  相似文献   

Estimating satellite phase fractional cycle biases based on Kalman filter     

Guorui Xiao  Lifen Sui  Bernhard Heck  Tian Zeng  Yuan Tian 《GPS Solutions》2018,22(3):82

Phase fractional cycle biases (FCBs) originating from satellites and receivers destroy the integer nature of PPP carrier phase ambiguities. To achieve integer ambiguity resolution of PPP, FCBs of satellites are required. In former work, least squares methods are commonly adopted to isolate FCBs from a network of reference stations. However, it can be extremely time consuming concerning the large number of observations from hundreds of stations and thousands of epochs. In addition, iterations are required to deal with the one-cycle inconsistency among FCB measurements. We propose to estimate the FCB based on a Kalman filter. The large number of observations are handled epoch by epoch, which significantly reduces the dimension of the involved matrix and accelerates the computation. In addition, it is also suitable for real-time applications. As for the one-cycle inconsistency, a pre-elimination method is developed to avoid iterations and posterior adjustments. A globally distributed network consisting of about 200 IGS stations is selected to determine the GPS satellite FCBs. Observations recorded from DoY 52 to 61 in 2016 are processed to verify the proposed approach. The RMS of wide lane (WL) posterior residuals is 0.09 cycles while that of the narrow lane (NL) is about 0.05 cycles, which indicates a good internal accuracy. The estimated WL FCBs also have a good consistency with existing WL FCB products (e.g., CNES-GRG, WHU-SGG). The RMS of differences with respect to GRG and SGG products are 0.03 and 0.05 cycles. For satellite NL FCB estimates, 97.9% of the differences with respect to SGG products are within ±?0.1 cycles. The RMS of the difference is 0.05 cycles. These results prove the efficiency of the proposed approach.  相似文献   

多面函数和移动法综合模型支持下的区域垂直形变场拟合     

田晓  郑洪艳  苏广利  王家庆 《测绘通报》2018,(2):41-45,88

地壳垂直运动的研究中,多面函数法是一种传统并得到广泛应用的方法。本文通过首都圈和晋冀蒙两个地区的实例,对多面函数和移动法综合拟合模型与多面函数模型等几种模型进行了对比研究。结果表明,多面函数和移动法综合拟合模型在拟合精度上优于其他几种模型,拟合残差更稳定,具有一定的实际应用价值。  相似文献   

基于地理加权模型的农村居民点空间格局及影响因子分析——以湖北省麻城市为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

金晓  唐祥云 《测绘与空间地理信息》2018,(3):31-35

以湖北省麻城市2009年和2015年农村居民点为研究对象,采用区位指数和核密度测算法对农村居民点空间分布形态进行分析,运用传统最小二乘法和地理加权模型从全域和局部角度分析自然地貌、社会经济、生态限制等因素影响农村居民点空间演变的作用机制。研究得出:麻城市2009—2015年农村居民点用地面积增长率达6.92%,斑块主要以分散式外延扩张为主,空间结构演变总体上呈现沿沪汉蓉快速铁路和武麻公路向四周扩散的连续分布特征。从全域上看,农村居民点分布格局与坡度、公路、建制镇、风景名胜区、河流呈空间负相关关系;从局部影响程度来看,最大正向影响因子为人均收入和高程,负向影响因子主要是坡度和河流,其他影响因子随地理位置变化正负向影响均存在。  相似文献   

工业测量中三维坐标系统的转换     

马丽霞  王凤艳  陈晓 《测绘与空间地理信息》2018,(6):56-57

工业测量系统中,通常会接触到多种坐标系统,例如测量坐标系、物方坐标系、设计坐标系等。因此,在数据分析时常常会遇到三维坐标转换的问题。本文采用轴对准法,基于Matlab程序语言,实现了三维坐标的转换。  相似文献   

Mechanical behavior and micro-structure of cement kiln dust-stabilized expensive soil     

Su Li Cui  Jia Ding Wang  Xiao Dong Wang  Yan Feng Du  Xue Pan Wang 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(17):521

In this study, the effects of cement kiln dust (CKD) on the swelling properties, strength properties, and microstructures of CKD-stabilized expansive soil were investigated. Samples were prepared and stabilized with different CKD content ratios, ranging from 0 to 18% by dry mass. The results obtained show that the maximum swelling pressures decrease exponentially with increases in CKD content. Both the cohesion and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) increase at ratios below 10% CKD and then decrease slightly, above that ratio. CKD can also improve the strength of saturated, expansive soil. There is no visible change of UCS for soil without CKD when cured, while the UCS of a sample with 10% CKD content after curing for 90 days is higher than that after curing for only 1 day. This indicates that CKD can improve the long-term strength of expansive soil. Finally, microstructure analysis reveals that the addition of CKD reduces the montmorillonite content of expansive soil and decreases its swelling properties. The addition of CKD also changes the pore volume distribution, both the size and amount of macro-pores and micro-pores decrease with increase in CKD content. For saturated samples, the size of macro-pores is obviously reduced, while that of micro-pores is slightly increased for both treated and untreated soils. Hydration and saturation processes make the soil structure become dispersive which results in a lower strength, and adding CKD can restrain this process. The suggested optimal CKD content is between 10 and 14% and with a curing time of more than 27 days.  相似文献   

Comparison of two alluvial aquifers shows the probable role of river sediments on the release of arsenic in the groundwater of district Vehari,Punjab, Pakistan     

Saba Fatima  Ishtiaque Hussain  Atta Rasool  Tangfu Xiao  Abida Farooqi 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(10):382

The study was done to assess the effect of the river Sutlej on arsenic (As) contamination. Sampling was done from the alluvial plain with increasing distance from the river Sutlej in district Vehari and compared with the study done in the proximity of River Sutlej. Sixty (60) groundwater samples mostly from shallow depths were collected and analyzed for As concentrations. Multivariate statistical tools (PCA and CA), saturation index, piper plots and Gibbs diagrams were used to detect evidence about the interrelationship and sources of As and other water quality variables responsible for groundwater contamination. Results revealed that As concentration ranged from below detection limit to 156 µg/L indicating that 50% samples exceeding the WHO guidelines (10 µg/L) and 17% exceeding the Pakistan National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) limits (50 µg/L) Sutlej. The piper plot revealed that water chemistry of the study area was Ca–HCO₃^?, Ca–Mg–Cl, type. Correlations between As and HCO₃^? (r²?=?0.433) was positive, while negative correlations were observed between As–Mn²⁺ and As–Fe²⁺ (r²?=???0.102), (r²?=?0.107) respectively. Geochemical signatures of the groundwater in the study area showed that the As could be released by oxidative dissolution to some extent and elevated evaporation in the arid environment of the study area under the stimulus of alkaline water and high pH (range 7.1–8.4). Although the concentrations are exceeding the WHO limit in 50% of the water samples but, are less than the previous study done in Mailsi near River Sutlej. Further, the concentrations decreased as the distance from the River increased which shows the probable role of sediments deposited by the River Sutlej.  相似文献   

Chemical composition of rock-forming minerals and crystallization physicochemical conditions of the Middle Eocene I-type Haji Abad pluton,SW Buin-Zahra,Iran     

Kazem Kazemi  Ali Kananian  Yilin Xiao  Fatemeh Sarjoughian 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(22):717

The Haji Abad intrusion is a well-exposed Middle Eocene I-type granodioritc pluton in the Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic assemblage (UDMA). The major constituents of the investigated rocks are K-feldspar, quartz, plagioclase, pyroxene, and minor Fe–Ti oxide and hornblende. The plagioclase compositions fall in the labradorite, andesine, and oligoclase fields. The amphiboles range in composition from magnesio-hornblende to tremolite–hornblende of the calcic-amphibole group. Most pyroxenes principally plot in the field of diopside. The calculated average pressure of emplacement is 1.9 kbar for the granodioritic rocks, crystallizing at depths of about 6.7 km. The highest pressure estimated from clinopyroxene geobarometry (5 kbar) reflects initial pyroxene crystallization pressure, indicating initial crystallization depth (17.5 km) in the Haji Abad granodiorite. The estimated temperatures using two-feldspar thermometry give an average 724 °C. The calculated average temperature for clinopyroxene crystallization is 1090 °C. The pyroxene temperatures are higher than the estimated temperature by feldspar thermometry, indicating that the pyroxene and feldspar temperatures represent the first and late stages of magmatic crystallization of Haji Abad granodiorite, respectively. Most pyroxenes plot above the line of Fe³⁺?=?0, indicating they crystallized under relatively high oxygen fugacity or oxidized conditions. Furthermore, the results show that the Middle Eocene granitoids crystallized from magmas with H₂O content about 3.2 wt%. The relatively high water content is consistent with the generation environment of HAG rocks in an active continental margin and has allowed the magma to reach shallower crustal levels. The MMEs with ellipsoidal and spherical shapes show igneous microgranular textures and chilled margins, probably indicating the presence of magma mixing. Besides, core to rim compositional oscillations (An and FeO) for the plagioclase crystals serve as robust evidence to support magma mixing. The studied amphiboles and pyroxenes are grouped in the subalkaline fields that are consistent with crystallization from I-type calc-alkaine magma in the subduction environment related to active continental margin. Mineral chemistry data indicate that Haji Abad granodiorites were generated in an orogenic belt related to the volcanic arc setting consistent with the subduction of Neo-Tethyan oceanic crust beneath the central Iranian microcontinent.  相似文献